I did a little bit of research and found that there are some glucose transporters in the cheeks, which could explain how glucose is absorbed so fast in the same way alcohol is also absorbed fast through the cheeks too.
I wanted to ask if theres any other reason or way in which sugar is given so fast to the foetus when ingested by the mother? In short, sugars are absorbed quicker than proteins and fats because they pass through the stomach quicker and their digestion is simpler.
Sugar can be absorbed through the mouth mucosa when applied as a sublingual gel, as discussed here on Biology SE: Is sugar absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the mouth?
Glucose and galactose do not need to be digested and can be quickly absorbed in the small intestine via sodium—glucose linked transporters SGLTs - sodium acts as a cofactor that stimulates glucose and galactose absorption Lumen Learning. Fructose also does not need to be digested but is absorbed much slower than glucose via GLUT5 transporters without the help of sodium Lumen Learning.
Sucrose needs to be digested in the small intestine with the help of the enzyme sucrase to glucose and fructose, which are then absorbed. Glucose stimulates the absorption of fructose Food and Agriculture Organization. This means that glucose and fructose from sucrose will be absorbed slower than glucose alone, but faster than just fructose alone.
Lactose needs to be digested to glucose and galactose, which prolongs the time in which they can be absorbed. Starch is not digested in the stomach, so it can pass through it quickly, and is then, in the small intestine, quickly digested to glucose with the help of the enzyme amylase.
The glucose from plain starch is absorbed almost as quickly as when ingested as glucose alone and faster than fructose, sucrose or lactose. This is evident from high glycemic index of foods made mainly of plain starch: cornflakes 81 , instant oats 79 , potatoes 78 , rice porridge 78 , white wheat bread Go to the main. Go to the global navigation.
Go to navigation by category. Go to the footer. The blood sugar level regulation mechanism When you eat rice, bread, or any other typical food high in carbohydrates, it is digested by the stomach and small intestine, where it is absorbed into the blood as glucose.
Figure 1: Absorption of glucose. Chart: Meals and increases in blood sugar level Your blood sugar level rises immediately after eating a meal or snack Figure 2. BMI is a measure of body fat based on your weight in relation to your height.
BMI less than No additional glucose transport system seems to exist. A hydrolase related transport system is also of no importance in compensating for the primary defect of monosaccharide absorption. The key concepts involved in all three cases are that:. Polysaccharides and disaccharides must be digested to monosaccharides prior to absorption and the key players in these processes are the brush border hydrolases, which include maltase, lactase and sucrase.
Dietary lactose and sucrose are "ready" for digestion by their respective brush border enzymes. Starch, as discussed previously, is first digested to maltose by amylase in pancreatic secretions and, in some species, saliva. Dietary lactose and sucrose, and maltose derived from digestion of starch, diffuse in the small intestinal lumen and come in contact with the surface of absorptive epithelial cells covering the villi where they engage with brush border hydrolases:.
At long last, we're ready to actually absorb these monosaccharides. Glucose and galactose are taken into the enterocyte by cotransport with sodium using the same transporter.
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