How is tracheitis diagnosed? A diagnosis of tracheitis is based mainly upon observation of symptoms and examination of the child' What are secondary bacterial infections? Diana Meeks. Secondary bacterial infections are bacterial infections that occur in individuals that have already Typhoid fever is defined as a bacterial infection caused by bacteria Salmonella typhi. The infection is caused primarily through ingestion of contaminated water and food, but it can also spread through close contact from one person to another.
The bacteria enter the body through the mouth and spend one to three weeks in the intestine prior to reaching the bloodstream. Although everyone can develop typhoid, children are at a higher risk than adults despite having milder symptoms. The most common risk factors for typhoid fever include drinking contaminated water, having close contact with the infected individual, working with bacteria that cause the infection, and working or traveling to high-risk areas.
The infection causes a number of symptoms but with prompt treatment patients notice improvements within seven to 10 days. The primary treatment route is an intake of antibiotics. After the infection, bacteria reach the bloodstream from where it reaches different organs thus causing various symptoms.
The gastrointestinal tract is more severely affected including liver, spleen, and muscles. Through bloodstream, bacteria can also reach gallbladder, lungs, and kidneys. Typhoid shot should not be given to children younger than two years of age. On the flip side, live typhoid vaccine oral should not be given to a child who is younger than 6. Again, if an infected person handles food without washing their hands properly after peeing, they can spread the infection to someone else who eats the contaminated food.
In parts of the world with poor sanitation, infected human waste can contaminate the water supply. People who drink contaminated water or eat food washed in contaminated water can develop typhoid fever.
After eating food or drinking water contaminated with the Salmonella typhi bacteria, the bacteria moves down into the digestive system, where they will quickly multiply. The rash, which does not affect every patient, consists of rose-colored spots, particularly on the neck and abdomen.
Rarely, symptoms might include confusion, diarrhea , and vomiting, but this is not normally severe. In serious, untreated cases, the bowel can become perforated. This can lead to peritonitis, an infection of the tissue that lines the inside of the abdomen, which has been reported as fatal in between 5 and 62 percent of cases.
Another infection, paratyphoid, is caused by Salmonella enterica. It has similar symptoms to typhoid, but it is less likely to be fatal. The only effective treatment for typhoid is antibiotics. The most commonly used are ciprofloxacin for non-pregnant adults and ceftriaxone.
As with a number of other bacterial diseases, there is currently concern about the growing resistance of antibiotics to S. This is impacting the choice of drugs available to treat typhoid. In recent years, for example, typhoid has become resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. Ciprofloxacin, one of the key medications for typhoid, is also experiencing similar difficulties.
Some studies have found Salmonella typhimurium resistance rates to be around 35 percent. Typhoid is caused by the bacteria S. Washing fruit and vegetables can spread it, if contaminated water is used.
Some people are asymptomatic carriers of typhoid, meaning that they harbor the bacteria but suffer no ill effects. Others continue to harbor the bacteria after their symptoms have gone.
Sometimes, the disease can appear again. People who test positive as carriers may not be allowed to work with children or older people until medical tests show that they are clear.
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