Beneath the wire, foils short for hydrofoils remove water and improve fibre uniformity, ensuring that the fibres weave together in a tight mat. The wire passes over suction boxes that vacuum out the water, leaving a soft mat of pulp that forms the paper sheet, also known as the paper web.
By now the wire has travelled meters. The next stage of water removal consists of passing the paper web through a series of nip rollers that squeeze the water out of the pulp mat. This pressure also compresses the fibres so they intertwine to form a dense, smooth sheet.
The paper web now travels through an enclosed space containing a number of steam-heated drying cylinders. Wet sizing solution is now applied to the paper in order to add a thin layer of starch to the surface. Starch contributes to stiffness and the bonding of the fibres within the sheet of paper. After the sizing is applied, the paper passes through another set of heated drying cylinders. In all, the paper web may travel meters through the dry end. Wood pun intended!
It's true! Let's take a look at how trees are turned into all sorts of paper. If you look at a tree, you might have a hard time imagining how something so tall and strong could be turned into something as thin and weak as a sheet of paper.
The process begins with the raw wood, which is made up of fibers called " cellulose. The cellulose fibers are stuck together with a natural glue called " lignin. It's also possible to make paper from a variety of other types of plant fibers, such as cotton, flax, bamboo, and hemp. For example, cotton fibers are often used to make the paper that money is printed on. The overwhelming majority about 95 percent of the raw material used to make paper, though, comes from trees. To make paper from trees, the raw wood must first be turned into " pulp.
Wood can be turned to pulp in a couple of different ways. Mechanical pulping involves using machines to grind wood chips into pulp. The resulting pulp retains most of its lignin , though.
The short fibers created by grinding leads to weak paper most suitable for newsprint , phone books, or other types of low-strength papers. Depending on what type of paper is desired, the pulp mixture might need to be bleached to create whiter paper. Papermakers use a variety of chemicals to bleach pulp to the color they want. Once the pulp is ready, it is then used to make paper in a process that is quite similar in the basic actions to the process first used by the ancient Chinese more than 1, years ago.
Because the pulp mixture is so watery sometimes as much as 99 percent water! Huge machines spray the pulp mixture onto moving mesh screens to make a layered mat. The mat of pulp then goes through several processes to remove water and dry it out. Finally, the mat is run through heated rollers to squeeze out any remaining water and compress it into one continuous roll of paper that can be up to 30 feet wide.
When the paper has the desired thickness, it may be colored or coated with special chemicals to give it a special texture, extra strength, or water resistance. As a last step, the paper rolls are cut to size and packaged for shipping to other facilities for additional processing to turn it into all sorts of specialized papers. Are you ready to have some fun with paper? Ask a friend or family member to help you explore the following activities:. Hi cylus! Due to birth and death rates constantly being in a state of flux, we can't say for sure how many people are in the world at any given time.
It's around 7. Are you talking about submitted Wonder ideas? We have a list of several hundred we use when we create our calendar for Wonders of the Day. We would be very impressed if any of the people on the website were that old. Thanks for sharing such an environmentally conscious idea, Emily! Do you have any suggestions as to what we should use instead of paper?
Great topic! We produce hemp fiber and trying to develop a market to produce paper with hemp. I am interested in linking up with folks of same school of thoughts. Hi, Mo! Start at paragraph 5 of this Wonder - this should provide you with the text of how paper is made from trees! Hi, Imaree! Is jr a fellow Wonder Friend? What did you think about this Wonder? Thank you somuch, for sharing this information. As, currently I am working on a study, where i am looking for the information regarding the name of trees used for making paper.
Also it be so helpful if you provide the split percentage of each trees use for paper making. Kindly share if possible. Hi, Vipin! Thank you so much for your kind comment!
Wonder How Are Books Made? Great question, Jannalyse! Papyrus is a plant, not a tree, but we have a Wonder that may help you out for your presentation! Great question, sans! We'd love to hear more about your report!! We're sorry to hear that, tired! It sounds like you need to "recharge your batteries! Great question! We encourage you to take a Wonder Journey and see what you discover!!
We can't do that, sorry to say. If you would like more information, you can click the sources on the page, or continue doing some research. We hope you are able to find an expert to talk to, Erin!
Are you a tree, Daniel? Because we could definitely understand you not liking this Wonder if you were a tree. Glad you "branched out" to explore this Wonder! Oh yes, my friend. If you're a tree and you're reading this, then we do feel kind of bad. Thanks for asking, Happyjoy! We ask that Wonderopolis be listed as the author. Since we do not list the publish date for our Wonders of the Day, you may put the date you accessed this page for information.
Accessed 10 Jan. Maybe you could add some specific questions you are wondering about to our Wonder Bank? We are so glad to hear that, Choctaw! It's pretty fascinating that so much goes into something like a piece of paper, which we can easily crumple up and throw away.
It kind of makes you appreciate paper a little more, doesn't it? At least we think so. Thanks for commenting, Choctaw! I don't think so, Jacob, but if it's food you seek, look no further than our Wonders about Food! That's a great question, phofdyb! Many times, paper is made from the tree parts that can't be used for lumber. Logging companies cut trees down to be used as lumber or building materials and once tree trunks are cut and trimmed to regular sizes, the leftover pieces are used to make paper.
Thanks for sharing your opinion, alejandro. We hope you'll explore the Wonder Sources above so that you can learn more about the process!
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Luckily, there are many more Wonders you can explore on Wonderopolis! Hi, nikayla! Sometimes it helps us to read the Wonder again. You can also keep researching the topic at the library and online! Hi, Shiaritza! We encourage you to embark on your own Wonder Journey to discover more about this topic, as well!
We're sure you can discover all sorts of interesting facts by researching your questions online and at your library! We're sorry you're not having fun at Wonderopolis, jack!
There are more than 1, Wonders to explore! We hope you check out some of the other Wonders! Hi, Michael! Thank you for using Wonderopolis and asking how to cite this article! The following is how you would cite the Wonder of the Day. You may use Wonderopolis as the author and since we do not list the publish date, you can use the date you accessed the article for information. If that was today, then use today's date for your citation.
Hi, Domenic! There is a whole team here at Wonderopolis, but our Wonder Friends think of the Wonder questions. You can submit question to the Wonder Bank! You're welcome, Victoria! We hope you enjoyed this Wonder of the Day! Thanks for visiting Wonderopolis to find info for your speech! We hope this Wonder was helpful! The bark is how water and nutrients moves up the tree so cutting off the bark is the same as cutting down the tree without the benifit of having more materials.
Cutting off the bark is the same as killing the tree. Hi, Nio! We're glad this Wonder was helpful. Thanks for visiting Wonderopolis for your report. It's always important to cite your sources when doing a report.
The official Wonderopolis Permissions Policy states: Wonderopolis materials may be cited or excerpted in periodicals, books, and educational materials under the following stipulations: 1.
A URL of the material referenced is provided so that readers may access it online 2. Good luck on your report! Hi, Katelynn! Two children meet animated character Curious Cat, who asks them if they would like to find out how paper is made.
The children see trees in a forest before visiting a paper mill. They meet an expert who shows them the processes involved, including logs of wood: being delivered from the forest, having their bark removed and being crushed to make pulp.
In the lab, the children are shown how this pulp is turned into paper. They see the huge machinery and watch as the finished rolls of paper leave the production line. Later, they return to the classroom to tell Curious Cat what they have learnt.
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