W3C liability , trademark , document use and software licensing rules apply. Compatibility with existing HTML user agents is possible by following a small set of guidelines. This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication.
Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status of this document series is maintained at the W3C. This specification is a Superseded Recommendation. A newer specification exists that is recommended for new adoption in place of this specification.
New implementations should follow the latest version of the HTML specification. Changes between this version and the previous Recommendation are illustrated in a diff-marked version.
The changes in this document reflect corrections applied as a result of comments submitted by the community and as a result of ongoing work within the HTML Working Group. There are no substantive changes in this document - only the integration of various errata.
At the time of publication, the working group believed there were zero patent disclosures relevant to this specification. A current list of patent disclosures relevant to this specification may be found on the Working Group's patent disclosure page. Quick Table of Contents 1. Definitions 3. Differences with HTML 4 5.
Compatibility Issues A. DTDs B. Element Prohibitions C. Acknowledgements E. References Full Table of Contents 1. What is HTML 4? What is XML? Definitions 2. Terminology 2. General Terms 3. Document Conformance 3. Strictly Conforming Documents 3. User Agent Conformance 4. Differences with HTML 4 4. Documents must be well-formed 4. Element and attribute names must be in lower case 4. For non-empty elements, end tags are required 4.
Attribute values must always be quoted 4. Attribute Minimization 4. Empty Elements 4. White Space handling in attribute values 4. Script and Style elements 4. SGML exclusions 4. The elements with 'id' and 'name' attributes 4. Attributes with pre-defined value sets 4. Entity references as hex values 5. Compatibility Issues 5. Internet Media Type A. DTDs A. Document Type Definitions A. Entity Sets A. Latin-1 characters A. Special characters A. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.
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See Section 6. Historically, the character encoding of an HTML document is either specified by a web server via the charset parameter of the HTTP Content-Type header, or via a meta element in the document itself.
In order to portably present documents with specific character encodings, the best approach is to ensure that the web server provides the correct headers.
If this is not possible, a document that wants to set its character encoding explicitly must include both the XML declaration an encoding declaration and a meta http-equiv statement e.
If a document is to be served as multiple media types, the HTTP server must be used to set the encoding of the document. Some HTML user agents are unable to interpret boolean attributes when these appear in their full non-minimized form, as required by XML 1. Note this problem doesn't affect user agents compliant with HTML 4. The following attributes are involved: compact , nowrap , ismap , declare , noshade , checked , disabled , readonly , multiple , selected , noresize , defer. The XML document object model specifies that element and attribute names are returned in the case they are specified.
This apparent difference can be addressed in two ways:. Unfortunately, many HTML user agents have silently ignored incorrect usage of the ampersand character in HTML documents - treating ampersands that do not look like entity references as literal ampersands. XML-based user agents will not tolerate this incorrect usage, and any document that uses an ampersand incorrectly will not be "valid", and consequently will not conform to this specification. In order to ensure that documents are compatible with historical HTML user agents and XML-based user agents, ampersands used in a document that are to be treated as literal characters must be expressed themselves as an entity reference e.
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